GHB and GBL: effects, risks, and how to act
Partager
GHB, or gamma-hydroxybutyrate, is a substance used in certain medical contexts but also diverted for recreational or criminal purposes. GBL is an industrial solvent quickly converted into GHB after ingestion. Their effects are similar, but their intensity varies greatly depending on the dose, the person, associated products, and the context.
What are the effects of GHB and GBL?
The initial effects can include disinhibition, euphoria, balance disorders, confusion, and drowsiness. At higher doses, the risk increases rapidly: amnesia, seizures, loss of consciousness, slowed breathing, coma, or even death.
The combination with alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, or other sedative substances is particularly dangerous because their depressant effects can add up.
GHB and chemical submission: a reality, but not the only scenario
GHB can be involved in assaults facilitated by substances. However, it is inaccurate to present it as the sole "date rape drug." French addictovigilance investigations show that many sedative medications and other psychoactive substances can also be used.
How long does GHB remain detectable?
There is no universal detection window valid for all situations. GHB is eliminated quickly, and the detection window depends notably on the dose, elapsed time, sample taken, and laboratory method. That is why early medico-legal care is essential.
A late negative result alone is not enough to exclude prior administration. Professionals can also look for other substances and collect useful clinical and chronological information.
What to do in case of suspicion?
- Call 15 or 112 immediately if the person is very drowsy, confused, unconscious, or breathing abnormally.
- Do not leave the person alone and place them on their side if unconscious but breathing.
- Do not induce vomiting and do not give alcohol, medication, or any other drink.
- If possible, keep the glass, bottle, or container without tasting the suspicious drink.
- Consult an emergency service or a medico-judicial unit quickly to assess the situation and perform appropriate sampling.
Prevention must remain collective
Prevention must never place responsibility on the victims. It relies on mutual aid, monitoring suspicious behaviors, staff training, access to protection and detection devices, as well as a rapid response when a person shows unusual symptoms.
